CUIBUL ACVILEI DE MUNTE NR. 2 - THE NEST OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE 2 (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) 2023

Thank you for the update Raven. So sad to hear about Nina....Fly high in the sky little one

Raven wrote:Hello, Stelian! You're welcome. Yes, Nina was rescued by expert climber, Mr. Kuppi (spelling?). Sadly, s/he perished 2 days, 3 hours, and 37 minutes after falling from the eyrie.

Edit: I probably should have mentioned, Nina was 107 days, 15 weeks on the day s/he fell. That's how far behind s/he was.

Very sad. Nina was very loved. Thank you very much.

2023-07-31 - Day 85; Week 12

0 deliveries.

19:11:03 - Two distant calls from Alunu/a, followed by a spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes).

Oldest Japanese golden eagle dies / Omoriyama Zoo, Akita

鳥海 - Chōkai, a captive (Omoriyama Zoo, Akita City) golden eagle thought to be 47 years old has died on 24th of July, 2023. Another golden named after a mountain, as is proper! ;> The article, written in Japanese, notes that he was found by locals at the foot of Mt. Chōkai in the 1970s.

I found a video. Sure makes me blue when they must be caged. He was looking his age in 2015, but one can see his spirit flickering. Appears to have neurological issues, and cloudy vision. Poor old man. Still beautiful. 47. Even if that is slightly off, what a feat!

2023-08-01 - Day 86; Week 12. Post-fledging: Day 14.

0 deliveries.

06:02:08 - Alunu/a calling distantly.
07:05:12 - Loud wood-splitting sound.
07:22:54 - Alunu/a calling distantly. There is a lot of calling during this hour.
10:27:21 - Alunu/a's voice grows loud as s/he approaches the vicinity of the eyrie.
10:29:52 - S/he is definitely perched close by.
10:51:52 - After a pause, the vocalizations begin again.

10:53:12 - The barest view of Alunu/a in the form of his/her cast shadow. So close, yet so far. As s/she leaves beyond the back slope, his/her voice is carried away. I agree with Stelian. Alunu/a was trying to keep track of a parent, and is now mobile enough to attempt to follow. Calling rate is higher in the presence of parents. An amusing note from David H. Ellis, 'Excessive hunger calling (Pssa) of nestlings. There is a general rule in raptor watching: "never believe a nestling claiming that it is hungry." Young birds, even when sated, will continue to call for food (at some decreased level of frequency and loudness), so in all cases, careful comparisons are required with behavioral norms.'



10:55:55 - Alunu/a's faint, distant calls pause for 14 minutes.
11:09:59-11:10:04 - Final faint detection on this day.

"Hourly calling rate. - The number of calls per hour did not change with time after fledging. . .Calling rate did not differ between the sexes. . .Calling rate did not change as the birds aged after fledging, although we observed a high degree of individual variation." - Postfledging Behavior of Golden Eagles, by O'Toole et al.

Thank you, Raven.

I recorded this moment with sound. I'll keep it for the archive in case it turns out to be the last and only time we see Alunua.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hw0_pz2pj-0

Thank you, Roma. Always nice to have an exact record of an event. :>

2023-08-02 - Day 86; Week 12. Post-fledging: Day 15.

09:58:29 - Possibly Alunu/a distantly calling. Followed by a chainsaw.
11:10:24 - Is this a Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla)?



12:54:56 - Alunu/a's voice, approaching.
12:55:33 - S/he flies over the eyrie. <3 Thank you to Stelian, and Johan for the time stamp.
With YouTube chats not keeping for as long as they once did, I would have probably missed it, if I didn't have good luck with my scanning method. It's a nice view too! A delight to see a strong flight.



13:46:02 - This may be Lucina's voice, followed by Alunu/a.

Thank you for this video of Alunu/a flying past the nest Raven. Although I saw him/her from the ts given by Stelian, it was a fleeting glimpse. With your video, I can see Alunu/a much clearer!! And the flight looks even stronger which is just thrilling to see! I was having serious Alunu/a withdrawal symptoms.... now my spirits have been lifted again! I very much appreciate your videos and pictures Raven, and I am going to miss these posts, at least until next year Still hoping Alunu/a will visit the nest again, but at least we have had a glimpse of how well s/he is doing... Thank you

You're welcome, Tigress. I'm pleased my .gifs are helping you to have a clearer glimpse, and I certainly share your hope.

Winter severity, the cyclical nature of some species (i.e. certain hares; not familiar with L. europaeus, mind), and low prey years in general, can influence whether golden eagles choose to nest in a given year. For example, in Estonia they seem to have 3 year cycles. Third year is most productive, first year is least (meaning nesting isn't attempted, or is least likely to succeed). Birds are more important than mammals in this population's diet, however. At odds with the species as a whole across most of its range.

Romania is a mystery to me. I found it interesting that this year the hares appeared to be scarce (4 delivered to the nest, as opposed to 11 leporids in 2021), but Caliman, and Lucina were able to make a successful shift to red fox pups. Adaptable. I wonder if this is a natural cyclical decline, or if something more insidious is occurring.

Here in California, the nest I know best in the flesh, has laid annually for at least the past 6 years, but they are blessed with abundant ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi), and the cyclical black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) aren't heavily relied upon in this region.

It will be interesting to see what Lucina can teach us on this matter. If she and her mate are not stressed nutritionally or otherwise, and the weather isn't too harsh, eggs should be produced.

Having said that, I can't promise that I will be available to document. I live an unstable life, my mind is a disordered place, and my body protests being sedentary for too long. For me, it is a big commitment.

It saddens me to hear that Raven, I have been wondering how things have been with you lately. I certainly hope we don't lose your input, but I understand what you are saying. I truly hope you will be able to continue to chat and share your knowledge with us, even if it's not as intense as it has been this year. Look after yourself and I'm sure we will still cross paths again over our mutual love for the Golden Eagles

A video was released of the last days of the Japanese Nina, how they lowered a piece of meat on a string and tried to save her after falling from the nest.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85Zh12iAixQ

Poor Nina. No strength left. Done.
Starvation is generally a natural check and balance. A necessity in a healthy, self-sustaining system. But in this case, it is the result of an unraveling ecosystem.
It is impacting a subspecies in steep decline. And that is truly heartbreaking, on both the individual, and population level.

2023-08-03 - Day 87; Week 12. Post-fledging: Day 16.

0 deliveries.

07:11:13, 10:46:27, 11:41:24, 13:02:38 - Alunu/a calling.
10:46:57 - A parent slowly joined in with singular calls here, and there.
13:31:00-22:04:27 - Audio lost.

2023-08-04 - Day 88; Week 12. Post-fledging: Day 17.

0 deliveries.

06:10:23, 07:12:30, 08:26:14, 10:26:25, 11:17:58 - Alunu/a calling.

After reading speculation that the late season delivery of nesting material at the Mount Ibuki eyrie was a sign of nestling abandonment, I decided to spend the day amassing data from my notes at this successful nest here in Bucovina. The delivery of nesting material continued throughout both the incubation, and nestling periods. However, during the nestling period, that role appears to shift almost exclusively to the female, as observed at this eyrie, and the eyrie in Soomaa National Park, Estonia.

I did not record data prior to laying, but will note that Caliman (male) was the primary deliverer of nesting material at that time.
I will create a separate post for the Nestling Period.

At Mount Ibuki, there is a point to be made in that the female stopped visiting her eyrie altogether for nearly a month, and in her absence the male delivered nesting material on three separate days. Otherwise, the delivery of nesting material throughout the entirety of the brood-rearing period is normal for this species.

"Once the nesting season has started, both sexes of eagles continue to add greenery and fresh material to the nest. The female makes most deliveries of nest material during incubation and brood-rearing. Half of nests in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon contain fresh nesting material during later stages of the nesting cycle. All successful nesting attempts monitored in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska (n = 805) contained fresh nesting material or greenery during late brood-rearing (CLM). It is not uncommon for eagles to place greenery in alternative nests within a territory (EHC, T. Craig, personal communication). Such behavior may function as a signal of territorial occupancy to other eagles or to repel ectoparasites at occupied nests." - The CornellLab of Ornithology
_____

Incubation Period. Laying - Hatching. 2023.
80 total nesting material deliveries. Stick = bare branch, or branch with dead leaves. Green branch = branch with living leaves.
Lucina - 25.
Caliman - 55.

03-23 - Lucina lays her first egg. Recording did not commence until the following date, when the second egg was laid.

03-27 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 stick.
Caliman - 1 stick.

03-28 - 2 total.
Caliman - 2 sticks.

03-29 - 5 total.
Caliman - 5 sticks.

03-30 - All relevant data lost.

03-31 - 1 total.
Caliman - 1 stick.

04-01 - 1 total
Caliman - 1 stick.

04-02 - 2 total.
Caliman - 2 sticks.

04-03 - 7 total.
Caliman - 4 sticks. 3 green branches.

04-04 - 0. Heavy snow day.
04-05 - 0. Snow day.

04-06 - 1 total.
Caliman - 1 stick.

04-07 - 2 total.
Caliman - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

04-08 - 0.
04-09 - 0.

04-10 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.
Caliman - 1 green branch.

04-11 - 1 total
Caliman - 1 green branch.

04-12 - 0. Rainy.

04-13 - 6 total
Lucina - 1 stick. 2 green branches.
Caliman - 1 stick. 2 green branches.

04-14 - 6 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks.
Caliman - 1 stick. 3 green branches.

04-15 - 3 total.
Lucina - 1 stick.
Caliman - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

04-16 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.
Caliman - 1 green branch.

04-17 - 0. Very rainy.

04-18 - 5 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks.
Caliman - 1 stick. 2 green branches.

04-19 - 2 total.
Caliman - 2 green branches.

04-20 - 4 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.
Caliman - 2 sticks. 1 green branch.

04-21 - 6 total.
Lucina - 2 green branches.
Caliman - 1 stick. 3 green branches.

04-22 - 4 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 1 green branch.
Caliman - 2 green branches.

04-23 - 1 total.
Caliman - 1 green branch.

04-24 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

04-25 - 3 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 1 green branch.
Caliman - 1 green branch.

04-26 - 0.

04-27 - 3 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.
Caliman - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

04-28 - Data lost.
Caliman - 1 green branch.

04-29 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.
Caliman - 1 green branch.

04-30 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

05-01 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

05-02 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.
Caliman - 1 green branch.

05-03 - 0.

Nestling Period. Hatching - Fledging. 2023.
209 total nesting material deliveries. Stick = bare branch, or branch with dead leaves. Green branch = branch with living leaves.
Lucina - 206
Caliman - 3

05-04 - 0.

05-05 - 3 total
Caliman - 1 stick. 2 green branches.

05-06 - 0.
05-07 - 0.
05-08 - 0.
05-09 - 0.

05-10 - 7 total.
Lucina - 7 green branches.

05-11 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

05-12 - 3 total.
Lucina - 3 green branches.

05-13 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

05-14 - 5 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 3 green branches.

05-15 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

05-16 - 2 total.
Lucina - 2 green branches.

05-17 - 2 total.
Lucina - 2 green branches.

05-18 - 7 total.
Lucina - 6 green branches. 1 broadleaved branch (Acer pseudoplatanus).

05-19 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 stick.

05-20 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 stick.

05-21 - 8 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 7 green branches.

05-22 - 3 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 1 green branch.

05-23 - 3 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 2 green branches.

05-24 - 4 total.
Lucina - 4 green branches.

05-25 - 7 total.
Lucina - 3 sticks. 4 green branches.

05-26 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

05-27 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

05-28 - 6 total.
Lucina - 5 sticks. 1 green branch.

05-29 - 4 total.
Lucina - 4 green branches.

05-30 - 0.

05-31 - 3 total.
Lucina - 3 green branches.

06-01 - 0.
06-02 - 0.

06-03 - 7 total.
Lucina - 3 sticks. 2 green branches. 2 broadleaved branch (Fagus sylvatica).

06-04 - 4 total.
Lucina - 3 green branches. 1 broadleaved branch (Fagus sylvatica).

06-05 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

06-06 - 8 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 5 green branches. 1 broadleaved branch (Fagus sylvatica).

06-07 - 0.

06-08 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

06-09 - 0.

06-10 - 4 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 1 broadleaved branch (Acer pseudoplatanus). 1 mass of lichen.

06-11 - 3 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 2 green branches.

06-12 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

06-13 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

06-14 - 0.

06-15 - 4 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 2 green branches.

06-16 - 0.
06-17 - 0.

06-18 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

06-19 - 6 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 4 green branches.

06-20 - 9 total.
Lucina - 3 sticks. 5 green branches. 1 broadleaved branch (Fagus sylvatica).

06-21 - 8 total.
Lucina - 4 sticks. 4 green branches.

06-22 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

06-23 - 6 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 4 green branches.

06-24 - 3 total.
Lucina - 3 green branches.

06-25 - 0.

06-26 - 8 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 6 green branches.

06-27 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

06-28 - 3 total.
Lucina - 3 green branches.

06-29 - 5 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 4 green branches.

06-30 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

07-01 - 4 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 3 green branches.

07-02 - 3 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 2 green branches.

07-03 - 3 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 2 green branches.

07-04 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

07-05 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

07-06 - 6 total.
Lucina - 3 sticks. 3 green branches.

07-07 - 0.

07-08 - 4 total.
Lucina -1 stick. 2 green branches. 1 broadleaved branch (Fagus sylvatica).

07-09 - 2 total.
Lucina - 1 stick. 1 green branch.

07-10 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 stick.

07-11 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

07-12 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 stick.

07-13 - 3 total.
Lucina - 3 green branch.

07-14 - 5 total.
Lucina - 5 green branches.

07-15 - 1 total.
Lucina - 1 green branch.

07-16 - 3 total.
Lucina - 3 green branches.

07-17 - 3 total.
Lucina - 3 green branches.

07-18 - 3 total.
Lucina - 2 sticks. 1 green branch.

At which point, Alunu/a fledged, and neither parent has brought more nesting material, as of 2023-08-04.

Thank you Raven, that's amazing to see the comparisons between Lucina and Caliman's nesting deliveries!! It's not until you see them side by side, that you have a clear understanding of how they interact and who does what. Fantastic!

My pleasure! Thank you. Definitely fascinating. It's fun to be able to compare with commentary in the scientific literature as well. It offers one a better idea for gleaning species-wide behaviors vs. individual flair, and teasing out what may be normal vs. abnormal. I wonder also about possible differences among various subspecies/regions. Curse the woes of time commitment, and mental fatigue. I would love to make more complete data sets available. Maybe I can.

When I have more time, I am definitely going to put something together for this season's prey deliveries. :>

2023-08-05 - Day 89; Week 12. Post-fledging: Day 18.

0 deliveries.

07:26:49, 12:34:22, 14:18:06 - Alunu/a calling.

9:00-11:20 - Stream reset required. Lost time.

2023-08-06 - Day 90; Week 12. Post-fledging: Day 19.

0 deliveries.

06:23:33 - A vehicle horn, followed by sharp whistling, and a dog barking. This occurs off and on for some time, and is fairly loud, and nerve-jangling.
11:33:18 - A northern raven (Corvus corax) calling fairly close by. S/he's not chasing any perceived threats.
12:30:32-13:02:49 - Alunu/a also calling fairly close by. Nice lengthy vocalization session. Still not enough draw to explore old memories of place back at the natal nest. I suppose the wider world is interesting enough. *sniff* ;>

2023-08-07 - Day 91; Week 13. Post-fledging: Day 20.

0 deliveries.

09:42:36, 10:46:52-11:20:55, 12:40:24, 13:49:17 - Alunu/a calling nearby.
19:57:10 - In distance.

Incubation Period. Laying - Hatching. 2023.
10 total prey deliveries.
Lucina - 1.
Caliman - 9.

Reminder: Delivery to the nest does not necessarily indicate who hunted the prey, as males often trade off to their mates away from the eyrie.
_____

3? unknown frogs - Caliman
2 unknown passerine nestlings - Lucina, Caliman
1 eastern slowworm (Anguis colchica) - Caliman
1 unknown lizard - Caliman
1 northern raven (Corvus corax) - Caliman
1 blue banded bird (poss. Columba livia domestica) - Caliman
1 Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) - Caliman
_____

03-22 - 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 frog.

03-23 - Lucina lays her first egg.

03-26 - 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 lizard.

03-27 - Lucina lays her second egg.

03- 28: 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 unknown, suspected frog (off-cam, nest edge, Lucina uninterested).

04-01 - 0 deliveries. Full crops.
04-09 - 0 deliveries. Full crops.
04-10 - 0 deliveries. Lucina - full crop.
04-13 - 0 deliveries. Full crops.

04-14: 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 northern raven (Corvus corax) leg.

04-15: 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 live frog (Lucina has no taste for frogs. Frog escapes).

04-16 - 0 deliveries. Full crops.

04-19: 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 passerine nestling; pale beak/feet.

04-20 - 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 passerine nestling; pale beak/feet.

04-23 - 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 eastern slowworm (Anguis colchica).

05-03 - 2 deliveries.
Caliman - 1 Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). 1 bird w/ blue leg band (poss. Columba livia domestica).

Nestling Period. Hatching - Fledging. 2023.
119 total prey deliveries.
Lucina - 43.
Caliman - 76.

Reminder: Delivery to the nest does not necessarily indicate who hunted the prey, as males often trade off to their mates away from the eyrie.
_____

17 unknown passerines (mostly nestlings) - 5 Lucina, 12 Caliman
15 red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes) - 11 Lucina, 6 Caliman (total correct, two delivered split)
14 meat chunks, scraps, organs, spine, and hide - 11 Lucina, 3 Caliman
12 snakes (likely the common Vipera berus in the majority) - 1 Lucina, 11 Caliman
7 small unknown prey species - Caliman
6 Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) - 1 Lucina, 5 Caliman
5 roe deer fawns (Capreolus capreolus) - 3 Lucina, 2 Caliman
1 mature roe deer leg (Capreolus capreolus) - Caliman
1 roe deer fawn leg (Capreolus capreolus) - Caliman
5 Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius) - 4 Lucina, 1 Caliman
4 European hares (Lepus europaeus) - 4 Lucina, + 1 leg Caliman
4 unknown rodents (Arvicolinae or Muridae) - 1 Lucina, 3 Caliman
4 unknown birds - Caliman
3 northern ravens (Corvus corax) - 1 Lucina, 2 Caliman
3 precocial chicks - Caliman
3 fledgling/mature birds; flight feathers present. - Caliman
3 snakelike reptiles - Caliman
2 unknown lizards - Caliman
2 hooded crows (Corvus cornix) - 1 Lucina, 1 Caliman
2 common wood-pigeons (Columba palumbus) - 1 Lucina, 1 Caliman
2 European pine martens (Martes martes) - 1 Lucina, 1 Caliman
1 northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus) - Lucina
1 poss. hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) - Caliman
1 Bos taurus calf foot - Caliman
1 Gallus gallus domesticus - Caliman
1 phasianid - Lucina
_____

05-04 - The eldest eaglet from the more heavily pigmented egg, hatches. Day 42.
05-05 - 6 feedings. 0 deliveries.
05-06 - 5 feedings. 0 deliveries.
05-07 - Alunu/a (?) hatches. Day 41 resets to Day 0. 6 feedings. 0 deliveries.
05-08 - 3 feedings. 0 deliveries.
05-09 - 7 feedings. 0 deliveries. The elder sibling perishes from exposure (1 hr, 23 min), and helps to nourish Alunu/a.

05-10 - 7 feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 adder (Vipera berus). Full crop.

05-11 - 6 feedings. 4 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 adder (Vipera berus).
Caliman - 2 adders (Vipera berus). 1 rodent (Arvicolinae or Muridae).

05-12 - 6 feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).

05-13 - 6 feedings. 0 deliveries.

Alunu/a: Week 1
05-14 - 6 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Caliman - 1 snake. 1 small unknown prey.

05-15 - 5 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Caliman - 2 Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris).

05-16 - 4 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).
Caliman - 1 passerine; pale beak/feet.

Alunu/a: Day 10. First wing exercises.
05-17 - 6 feedings. 6 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 passerine nestling; pale beak/feet.
Caliman - 2 passerine nestlings; pale beak/feet. 2 snakes. 1 bird w/ poss. reduced hallux. Full crop.

05-18 - 1 feeding. 0 deliveries.

Alunu/a: Day 12. Eyesight capable of tracking a flier high above.
05-19 - 4 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).
Caliman - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).

05-20 - 4 feedings. 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 European pine marten (Martes martes).

Alunu/a: Week 2
05-21 - 4 feedings. 0 deliveries.
Lucina - full crop.

05-22 - 4 feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 mature roe deer leg (Capreolus capreolus).

05-23 - 4 feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 roe deer fawn (Capreolus capreolus).

Alunu/a: Day 17. Remiges visibly erupting.
05-24 - 5 feedings. 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 roe deer fawn (Capreolus capreolus).

05-25 - 3 feedings. 3 deliveries.
Lucina - full crop.
Caliman - 2 lizards. 1 snake.

Alunu/a: Day 19. First self-fed bite on exposed organ meat.
05-26 - 4 feedings. 3 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 heart (roe deer fawn or tomorrow's hare?). 1 other organ meat. Full crop.
Caliman - 1 snake.

Alunu/a: Day 20. Lucina begins spending 3+ hours away from the eyrie.
05-27 - 2 feedings. 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Alunu/a: Week 3
05-28 - 5 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 meat scrap.
Caliman - 1 passerine nestling.

Alunu/a: Day 22. First talon-strike. Also swallows a snake all by self!
05-29 - 4 feedings. 3 deliveries.
Lucina - 4 Eurasian jay nestlings (Garrulus glandarius), all at once.
Caliman - 2 snakes.

05-30 - 4 feedings. 5 deliveries.
Caliman - 1 bird. 1 passerine. 2 snakes/or slowworms. 1 small unknown prey.

Alunu/a: Day 24. First night alone on nest.
05-31 - 1 feeding. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 snake.

Alunu/a: Day 25. First tearing of carcass; rodent. Begins standing for >1 minute stretches.
06-01 - 4 feedings. 4 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).
Caliman - 1 wood-pigeon sized bird. 1 rodent (Arvicolinae or Muridae). 1 snake/or slowworm.

06-02 - 4 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).
Caliman - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).

06-03 - 4 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Caliman - 1 roe deer leg (Capreolus capreolus). 1 European pine marten (Martes martes).

Alunu/a: Week 4
06-04 - 4 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Caliman - 2 small unknown prey hidden in dry grass.

06-05 - 4 feedings? 1 delivery. Lost data.
Caliman - 1 meat scrap.

06-06 - 0 feedings. 0 deliveries.

Alunu/a: Day 31. First mantling; over plump bird.
06-07 - 2 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Caliman - 1 unknown plump bird. 1 hooded crow nestling (Corvus cornix).

06-08 - 0 feedings. 0 deliveries.

06-09 - 3 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 back half of a red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).
Caliman - 1 front half of a red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes). Full crop.

06-10 - 2 feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 hide (unknown species).

Alunu/a: Week 5. Stands for a record breaking 4 minutes, 50 seconds.
06-11 - 1 feeding? 1 delivery? Lost data.
Lucina - 1 hooded crow (Corvus cornix). Full crop.

Alunu/a: Day 36. Stands for 17 minutes! First completely unassisted self-feeding; nestling.
06-12 - 3 feedings total. 2 self-feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 passerine nestling; pale beak/feet. Full crop.
Caliman - 2 passerine nestlings; pale beak/feet.

06-13 - 1 self-feeding. Plus fed tiny bits of old scrap. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 bare spine. Full crop.
Caliman - 1 passerine nestling; pale beak/feet (may be same species as yesterday's). Full crop. 

Alunu/a: Day 38. Stands for 1 hour, 18 minutes.
06-14 - 4 feedings total. 2 self-feedings. 3 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes). Full crop.
Caliman - 1 large meat chunk. 1 small unknown prey hidden in vegetation.

06-15 - 3 feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 roe deer fawn (Capreolus capreolus).

06-16 - 4 feedings total. 1 self-feeding. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 dark-feathered passerine; pale beak/feet (larger than her mate's prey).
Caliman - 2 passerine nestlings with nest.

06-17 - 3 feedings. 0 deliveries.

Alunu/a: Week 6
06-18 - 5 feedings total. 3 self-feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 rodent (Arvicolinae or Muridae).

06-19 - 4 feedings. 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes)

06-20 - 4 feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit body (Vulpes vulpes).
Caliman - 1 red fox kit head (Vulpes vulpes).

06-21 - 3 feedings. 0 deliveries.

06-22 - 1 feeding. 0 deliveries.

06-23 - 3 feedings total. 1 self-feeding. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 roe deer fawn (Capreolus capreolus). Full crop.
Caliman - 1 northern raven (Corvus corax).

06-24 - 3 feedings. 0 deliveries.

Alunu/a: Week 7
06-25 - 2 "feedings" (mostly on fawn hide, bone, and tendon). 0 deliveries.

06-26 - 4 feedings total. 3 self-feedings. 4 deliveries.
Caliman - 1 calf foot (Bos taurus). 2 precocial chicks; reduced hallux. 1 fledgling/mature bird; flight feathers present.

06-27 - 3 self-feedings. 3 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). 2 meat chunks. Full crop.

06-28 - 5 feedings total. 1 self-feeding. 3 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 European hare (Lepus europaeus).
Caliman - 1 Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius). 1 precocial chick; reduced hallux.

06-29 - 3 feedings total. 1 partial self-feeding. 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).

06-30 - 4 feedings total. 2 self-feedings (minimal success). 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).
Caliman - 1 Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris).

Alunu/a: Day 55. First game of toss.
07-01 - 3 feedings total. 1.5 self-feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris).

Alunu/a: Week 8
07-02 - 4 feedings total. 2 self-feedings. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).

07-03 - 1 self-feeding. 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 mouse (Apodemus or Mus sp.). Full crop.

07-04 - 3 feedings total. 2 self-feedings (minimal success). 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 European hare body (Lepus europaeus).
Caliman - 1 European hare leg (Lepus europaeus).

07-05 - 5 feedings total. 2 self-feedings (minimal success). 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).

07-06 - 1 feeding. 0 deliveries.

07-07 - 1 feeding. 0 deliveries.

07-08 - 3 feedings total. 2 self-feedings. 1 delivery.
Lucina - full crop.
Caliman - 1 small unknown prey.

Alunu/a: Week 9. First branching.
07-09 - 4 self-feedings 4 deliveries.
Lucina - 2 passerine nestlings. 1 meat chunk. Full crop.
Caliman - 1 fledgling/mature passerine; flight feathers present.

07-10 - 3 self-feedings. 3 deliveries.
Lucina - 3 meat chunks. Full crop.

07-11 - 6 feedings total. 4 self-feedings. 3 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 roe deer fawn (Capreolus capreolus).
Caliman - 1 northern raven (Corvus corax). 1 bird, pale-legged; breast pattern may match hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia).

07-12 - 3 feedings total. 1 self-feeding. 1 delivery.
Caliman - 1 passerine nestling; pale beak/feet, dark feathers. Common blackbird (Turdus merula)?

07-13 - 3 feedings total. 2 self-feedings. 2 deliveries. Lost data.
Caliman - 1 red fox kit (Vulpes vulpes).
1 pale-legged bird delivered when stream was down.

07-14 - 5 feedings total. 4 self-feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 northern raven (Corvus corax).
Caliman - 1 fledgling/mature bird; flight feathers present.

07-15 - 1 self-feeding. 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 meat chunk.

Alunu/a: Week 10
07-16 - 2 feedings total. 1 self-feeding. 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus).

07-17 - 3 feedings total. 2 self-feedings. 2 deliveries.
Lucina - 1 European hare (Lepus europaeus).
Caliman - 1 Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris).

Alunu/a fledges. Day 72.
07-18 - 3 self-feedings. 4 deliveries. Full crops.
Lucina - 1 fledgling common wood-pigeon (Columba palumbus).
Caliman - 1 small unknown prey. 1 passerine nestling; pale beak/feet. 1 fledgling common wood-pigeon (Columba palumbus).

07-19 - 1 delivery.
Lucina - 1 phasianid.

Thank you for this Raven! Incredible to see all the data together. That was some task!! I was picturing all the deliveries, feedings and antics of Alunu/a as I read through lol. It's very much appreciated

2023-08-08 - Day 92; Week 13. Post-fledging: Day 21.

0 deliveries.

05:44:10, 06:44:41, 08:09:44 - Alunu/a, distant vocalizations.

2023-08-09 - Day 93; Week 13. Post-fledging: Day 22.

0 deliveries.

06:11:34, 20:41:37 - Alunu/a, distant vocalizations.