CUIBUL ACVILEI DE MUNTE NR. 2 - THE NEST OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE 2 (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) 2023

2023-05-16 - Day 9; Week 1 - Continued

1 hour and 5 minutes later, Lucina returns to the eyrie with a conifer spray in feet. I can't access the history from the preferred weather station, but looking to the general location nearby, and noting only trends, there was an increase in warming on the 14th through to today. Up in the mountains it will be cooler, but the trend probably holds true judging by Lucina's increasing absences. Temperatures are mild enough to safely leave her eaglet. This must be so. Eaglet is no worse for wear.

"Due to the thermoregulatory needs of eaglets, Golden Eagle adults frequently stay in or near the nest until nestlings have reached approximately three weeks of age (Driscoll 2010)."

We do know that Lucina wasn't nearby at 15:22:22, as noted below, when Caliman delivered the passerine prey. That is curious considering the literature. Eaglet's needs may allow more room for error, given mild temperatures.

To hopefully assuage other concerns expressed in chat: "Nestling mortality by avian predators is rare; may happen if food is scarce and female needs to be off the nest during incubation period (Watson 1997)"
Potential nest predators are prey for golden eagles. They are likely less willing to take such a risk, as they might otherwise, at the nests of other species. However, in the Mojave Desert of California, ravens were observed to visit two active nests. One nest was visited 23 times over 20 days. No adults present, of course. They kleptoparasitized prey deliveries, and harassed an eaglet, but never killed it. These visits stopped after the eaglet neared 7 weeks of age, but began when the nestling was wholly white, and fluffy.

"The only record of egg predation of a Golden Eagle in North America occurred near Atlin, British Columbia, Canada when a Common Raven removed an egg from a nest (468). Predation on eagle nestlings is thought to be rare."

10:16:27 - Lucina grabs the hind end remains of the red squirrel still left over from yesterday, when eaglet was fed to fullness. Eaglet chirps excitedly now. Yum, yum, let's eat!
2nd feeding - 10:17:12 - First bite of squirrel.



10:23:12 - Last bite. Approx. 6 minutes.

10:25:00 - Lucina leaves towards bottom left corner.
10:30:03 - We hear her calling excitedly in the distance.
11:01:22 - She calls in the far distance. Volume at max. Even so, eaglet hears her, for s/he raises head, and chirps.
11:50:59 - Lucina returns from left, behind lens. Quiet. 25 minutes away.



11:53:01 - She leaves silently to the right.
14:06:16 - Returns from right. Quiet. 2 hours, 13 minutes.

14:07:03 - Lucina sees someone in the sky. She tracks them off, and on.
14:07:35 - Leaves towards the left corner. Silent.

Yawn.



15:22:22 - Papa arrives from the right with a passerine of pale foot in his right talons. No sign of Mom.



15:23:16 - Eaglet had been sleepily chirping with eyes closed, but then Caliman moves to the left edge of the nest, and eaglet perks up, raising voice.
15:25:17 - Caliman leaves.
15:27:35 - Eaglet lays back down.

16:20:28 - We can hear Lucina excitedly calling in the far distance. This may well be a prey trade off with Caliman. During Collopy's observations, male golden eagles provided 83% of the deliveries, and 95% of biomass during the first two weeks following hatching. "Female increased prey deliveries in third week of brood-rearing, with maximum contribution in seventh–ninth weeks (43% of biomass); similar delivery rates for sexes during weeks 7–10. Prey size did not differ between male and female, but differed among nests." Not to say that Lucina couldn't also be out hunting, but without eyes beyond the nest, we cannot say for certain.

16:21:03 - Lucina returns from the right with a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) pup in her talons. 2 hour, 14 minutes away. Previous record beat by one minute!
16:21:53 - A sleepy and content eaglet doesn't bother to get up, is softly chirping. Mom soon spies something in the sky again.
16:23:30 - She calls sharply 7 times. This wakes eaglet right up. 3 more Mom calls. A pause. 1 call.
16:24:58 - Calls once.
16:25:20 - Calls once.
16:27:53 - Off Lucina goes, towards the bottom left corner.

16:28:35 - Eaglet casts a pellet.



16:54:20 - Lucina calling nearby in sharp excitement.
16:54:30 - Returns from right in silence, however. 27 minutes away.
16:54:45 - She picks up the eaglet's pellet, and eats it.
16:55:34 - Mom looks over her right shoulder, then around to the left uttering sharp cries with that warbling overlay. She tracks this flier back to the right, behind the camera.



16:55:57 - Stops yelling.

17:11:10 - Lucina leaves towards the bottom right corner in silence. Eaglet chirping, but soon relaxes, chirping softly with eyes closed.
18:01:55 - Mom returns from bottom left corner in silence. 50 minutes away.

18:14:25 - Picks up prey. This is the clearest view we get of the red fox pup. We can see it has paw pads, and this removes lagomorphs from the list of possibility. Buff puppy coat, dark socks.



3rd feeding. 18:15:35 - First bite. Oops, never mind. Dropped.
18:16:13 - Eaglet refuses the next bite, because yet another pellet needs to come up. Presenting food may stimulate this. Here it comes. Good sized one too.
18:16:20 - Lucina eats the pellet.
18:16:32 - Okay. The actual first bite of red fox.
18:29:39 - Last bite. Approx. 13 minutes.

18:31:58 - Lucina hover-broods her swiftly growing eaglet.
18:42 - Watching a flier.
18:45:05-18:46:58 - Calling sharply.

20:01:39 - Lucina gets up.
20:02:08 - Left wing-leg-tail stretch.
20:03:02 - Right wing-leg-tail stretch.
20:03:12 - Picks up Caliman's passerine prey.
4th feeding. 20:03:29 - Her back is to us blocking the view. Feeding motions begin.
20:05:18 - Carries bird remains to the right of the nest bowl
20:11:25 - Big bite.



20:12:22 - Last bite. Big crop.

20:14:41 - Hovers, standing over.



20:17:41 - Rocks back on her heels whilst aerating. Hovering intergrades into brooding.



20:51:54 - A mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus) alights on the far, far right branch. Scolds Lucina.

Less feedings today, but more biomass. There has been stomachable food in the nest every day since hatching. The Bucovina Family is doing well.

2023-05-17 - Day 10; Week 1

05:52:22 - Lucina was aerating the nest. When she lifts her head she seems to notice she isn't alone. The tsyuks commence. 26 times. A pause, then 45 times. Eaglet was joining in.
05:53:26 - Lucina picks up the old red fox pup.
05:53:34 - Eaglet bites at the top of Mom's head as she picks at the fox.
05:53:34 - Lucina lifts her head away from the eaglet. Calls more. Stiff head movements. Caliman must be close to the left, where she keeps glancing.

1st feeding. 05:53:55 - First bite of yesterday's red fox pup.
05:56:13 - 11 calls from Lucina.
05:56:33 - Picks up fox remains, and moves them to the back of the nest bowl. Resumes feeding.
06:15:38 - Last bite. Approx. 22 minutes.

06:15:54 - Mom looks towards the back slope, top left corner. 7 calls.
06:16:00 - Eaglet poop shoot.



06:16:13 - Lucina looks beyond the camera. 11 very high pitched, shrill, whistling calls.
06:16:16 - 4 more calls.
06:16:24 - 4 more, as she steps around the nest bowl to the front.
06:16:37 - 13 shrill calls.



06:16:48 - Steps closer to the nest's edge. 31 calls.
06:17:09 - Lucina watches Caliman leave.

06:17:36 - She leaves towards the bottom left corner.
06:17:38 - She continues calling several times in the distance.
07:08:42 - 41 or so excited calls from a distant Lucina. Let me pause here, and simply note that this goes on and on, amidst pauses, up until she returns to the nest proper.

07:12:57 - A Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) hops to the branch behind the eyrie tree trunk. Then, up to a topmost branch to the right of the trunk. Eaglet starts chirping.

Mom rockets over the nest from behind the camera, up to the top right corner. Her left wing tip brushes fir needles left of trunk, and the jay high-tails it.





07:14:52 - The jay screeches off and on for at least 10 minutes. Lucina still calls excitedly off and on, as well. Including in her shrillest excited levels.

07:36:31 - Lucina returns from the bottom left corner, calling away. 1 hour, 19 minutes away.

07:40:49 - Steps to left edge of nest, utters more sharp cries. Restless eagless.
07:41:01 - Turns back to eaglet.
07:43:12 - I'll pass at describing this whole sequence, but find it interesting that Lucina utters calls 11 times whilst only ever looking under her eaglet, and glancing to her eaglet.

07:43:59 - Lucina is quite vocal this morning. She is calling even whilst picking up the last of this red fox pup haunch, and leg.
2nd feeding. 07:44:13 - First bite of red fox.
07:54:40 - Mom eats paw.
08:00:38 - Last bite. Approx. 16 minutes. Eaglet turns away, rattle-chirping softly. This goes on and on.
08:00:01 - Mom, chatty again.

08:03:31 - She leaves towards the bottom left corner.
08:14:00 - Lucina calling excitedly. Eaglet still rattle-chirping.
08:19:28 - She returns from the right in silence. 16 minutes away.
08:23:28 - Things are settling down now. She hovers on her heels.
08:24:35 - Broods. Eaglet finally quiets the rattle-chirping for a period of time, fusses softly again, then silent.

08:44:53 - Vocalizing, looking right.
08:55:23 - Repeat.
09:08:20 - A songbird, possibly a female chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs; ty Johan), hops up to far right branch. Spies Lucina, and flees.

09:35:02 - Lucina gets up, aerates nest.
09:35:44 - Eaglet poop shoots
09:37:04 - She leaves towards the bottom right corner in silence.

09:38:29 - Eaglet performs wing exercises. <3

Hi, Raven! Thanks again for the wonderful posts in the forum. All details so well described and documented "forever". Very valuable infos now and for the future. The rest of us are lucky to have you here!

Hi, Johan! Your gracious expressions sure make one feel appreciated. Gee. Thank you so much.

And, hey guys, look what I found! I just want to share this clip of a golden eagle performing an undulating territorial display, because it is simply fantastic. Hope you enjoy.

https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/215830841

Wow!!! So glad you found this video Raven..... That was amazing to watch!!! Thank you for sharing that with us First time I have seen this and it just seals my opinion of how majestic these great birds are!! Very much appreciated!

Raven wrote:Hi, Johan! Your gracious expressions sure make one feel appreciated. Gee. Thank you so much.

And, hey guys, look what I found! I just want to share this clip of a golden eagle performing an undulating territorial display, because it is simply fantastic. Hope you enjoy.

https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/215830841

Impressive...Thank you very much! I also saw something like this once, but I couldn't film it.

So glad you both enjoyed. Golden eagle appreciation makes me feel all warm and fuzzy! Stelian, I do hope you are able to film a "sky dance" some day.

2023-05-17 - Day 10; Week 1 - Continued

10:03:27 - Lucina calling.
10:53:24 - Calling.

Caliman alights with the first of the day's passerine nestlings in his beak. His crop is full.



10:53:36 - Lucina follows from beyond the far canopy, calling. She alights on the right corner branch. 1 hour, 16 minutes away.
10:54:06 - Caliman hops to the branch behind the trunk.
10:54:11 - Then over to the far left branch.
10:54:17 - He shuffles farther left, and Lucina enters the nest.
10:54:27 - Lucina quiets.
10:55:44 - She calls out again. Stiff motions, staring left. He must have moved.
10:56:11 - Caliman leaves. Lucina tracks him left to right, continuing to call.
10:56:21 - Out of Lucina's sight he goes, and she again quiets.
10:56:51 - Lucina leaves towards the right.

11:05:17 - Calling.

After dropping down from the far canopy, Caliman returns with a second nestling.



11:05:49 - He puts a talon on the tiny prey. Interesting. It sounds as though he is rattle-chirping. It's that slower trilling vocalization, a thing of confusion in years past when Zenit uttered it. Maybe he feels anxious about being in the nest. He mosies around with an otherwise outwardly calm appearance.
11:08:00 - He continues to chuckle and trill throughout his visit. Here he drags his small prey back closer to himself, examining it.

If this link works, you should be able to listen to a segment of his vocalizations, here:
Caliman trilling vocalizations on nest

11:08:16 - Lucina calling. Caliman looks up to far slope.

She drops from the far canopy, arriving with a tiny nestling of her own. 12 minutes away. I wonder about the hunt. Was a nest taken, and moved elsewhere? Recall the complete nest replete with three nestlings, that was delivered for Zenit in 2021. Or did one eagle attentively observe the other raiding a nest in situ, and merely inspected the scene at her own convenience? When Caliman arrived with the first nestling, and left, with Lucina following, did he lead his lady back? Or?





Lucina has head lowered, eyes locked on her mate, nestling in beak, vocalizing stiffly.





11:08:39 - Caliman hops to the left corner branch.



11:08:50 - Caliman leaves.

11:09:07 - With her own contribution under foot, Lucina reaches for a 2nd nestling, and sticks that one under her talons as well.
11:09:18 - She sees Caliman off to the right somewhere. Calls.

11:10:01 - Eaglet nibbles toes whilst waiting for yum-yums.



3rd feeding. 11:11:12 - First bite of nestling.



11:20:44 - Last bite. Approx. 9 minute feeding.

11:23:33 - Lucina leaves towards the right in silence.

Caliman arrives with more prey. A snake. The darker forms leave me feeling less than confident about species. At least a couple species with dark variations in scale overlap in the Bucovina range. Here is the list of Serpentes of Romania. Range maps must be sought elsewhere.



13:16:31 - Staccato raven voice can be heard in the distance.
13:17:01 - Lucina is calling in the distance now too, and getting closer. Caliman "beeps", for lack of a better word.
13:17:16 - He barks. Wah-wah-weoh-weoh.
13:17:17 - Lucina returns from the left, behind lens, continuing to call. 1 hour, 54 minutes away.
13:17:19 - Caliman leaves towards the bottom right corner. Lucina stops calling.
13:17:37 - She utters 4 more cries. Looking right, then behind the camera.

13:18:20 - Lucina picks up the grass covered snake. Moves it to the front of the nest bowl, her back to us.
4th feeding. 13:20:26 - Feeding motions begin.
13:30:59 - Last bite. Approx. 10 minutes.
13:33:43 - Mom leaves to the right in silence.

14:00:54 - Caliman arrives from the bottom left corner with a bird in his right talons. 5th delivery of the day. Larger than the nestlings.
It looks like the hallux may be reduced, but I can't see well enough to be sure.
14:01:38 - Can hear hammering (?) in the distance. He walks to the left corner branch.
14:03:01 - Leaves bottom left corner. No sign of Lucina.

14:05:25 - Golden eagle vocalizations.

15:05:06 - Canopy drop. Lucina returns from the right with a conifer spray in her beak. 1 hour, 32 minutes away.
15:10:39 - She leaves down towards the bottom right corner in silence.

15:31:11 - Golden eagle calls. Eaglet chirps a couple times. This level of detail is not being documented, but eaglet was quiet, and content, for much of the parental absences today.
15:31:33 - Caliman alights from the right, a second dark snake in his talons. 6th prey delivery!
15:31:39 - Lucina arrives with her trilling yells. 21 minutes away.
15:31:45 - Caliman to back trunk branch. He rattle-chirps. Lucina has head down, stiffly calling at him.
15:32:28 - He leaves, dropping down left. Lucina ceases calling.

15:41:13 - Lucina sees something in the nest bowl next to her eaglet. She picks at it, waking up her chick. Eaglet bites at her beak 7 times. The beginnings of a feisty attitude being expressed today.
15:41:32 - Mom picks at old fox paw. Eating small bits.
15:44:42 - She leaves towards the bottom right corner.
16:56:41 - She returns from the right. 1 hour, 12 minutes away.

16:58:20 - Lucina can be observed resting with a left foot drawn up, and every once in a while, pulling at her left middle, and inner talons on that foot. She does this 5+ times.
17:01:42 - Eaglet starts getting really upset at Mom for touching him/her or aerating too closely. Vocalizations become accented with drawn out whistles. Biting at her.



17:03:01 - Eaglet bites Mom's wrist, twists feathers.





She largely ignores the tantrum.

17:05:35 - Eaglet bites onto her mandible.



17:05:58 - Lucina grabs the old red fox pup paw, and brings it behind the nest bowl.
5th feeding. 17:07:02 - First bite. Mom eating a fair amount. Fussy eaglet.
17:10:17 - Last bite. Approx. 3 minutes.
17:10:44 - Mom swallows the paw.

17:14:10 - She hovers over her eaglet.
17:15:34 - Broods.
17:15:35 - Chews on her inner left talon even as she rests.



18:28:11 - Gets up.
18:29:00 - Eaglet poop shoot.
18:31:37 - Lucina calls to Caliman.



18:44:17 - Carries bird prey to back of nest bowl.
18:46:54 - Grabs snake. Mom is hungry. Little bits eaten, then a fair sized chunk.

6th feeding. 18:47:46 - First bite of snake.
18:52:24 - Last bite of snake.
18:53:38 - Grabs bird.
18:55:07 - Eaglet swallows bird foot.
18:57:30 - Last bite. Approx. 10 minutes.
18:57:55 - Lucina utters a couple calls.
18:58:18 - Looking over right shoulder; more calls.
18:58:38 - More calling, facing left.
18:59:02 - Leaves towards the bottom left corner, vocalizing.

19:58:06 - Mating sounds. Too much noise in my home to record a new sample. Sequence was much briefer than the following.

Example: Caliman and Lucina Mating - 27 Mar, 2023

This paper is a bit dated, but here are some comments on late season copulation: Mating behaviour in the golden eagle in non-fertilization contexts

20:05:21 - Lucina returns with a conifer spray in her left foot (no worse for wear, at least), alighting right of trunk.
20:07:09 - Eaglet poop shoots.
20:09:18 - Lucina breaks a stick with a twist of her beak.
20:12:31 - Hovers over her eaglet.
20:14:08 - Allopreening now and again, into the dark.

Thanks Raven, yes the link worked.... I'm sure I heard that rattle chirp myself, (could be the same time, before or after). Don't know what it means, but I thought it sounded sweet.... like gentle reassurance to the eaglet?

Tigress, with 9 vocalizations generally recognized in the literature, the closest call description is "rattle-chirp", only ever described as a vocalization of distress or upset which can be extreme to fairly minor. For example, David Ellis' describes an eaglet who protested his mother's mere presence at dusk, even after fledging. That's why I suggested an anxious state of mind. However, descriptions of rattle-chirp often contain the descriptor "rapid". We have heard this plenty when eaglet is stepped on, or being attacked by a sibling. In our experience at this nest, this same call has various levels of rapidity, dependent on level of agitation. We've heard the urgent version calm into a stretched out trilling. Yet.

I sometimes still wonder at the context, too. I waver between, "Maybe it hasn't been described." and something like, "I've heard the intergrade, and how it relates. Surely a vocalization similar to one of distress, wouldn't contain such a friendly message." I don't know. We will keep observing context as closely as possible.

2023-05-18 - Day 11; Week 1

06:04:39 - Lucina stands up. Performs right, and left wing-leg-tail stretches.
06:05:07 - Leaves silently towards the right.

06:22:01 - Eaglet rests head on Mom's overtail covert, of which she shed on the 16th.



06:24:13 - Plays with the feather, pulling it close.



Perfect. Zzz. . .



06:51:26 - Lucina returns from the left, behind lens. 46 minutes away.
06:59:19 - She found a pellet. Eats it.
07:00:32 - Eaglet begins casting another! Lucina eats that one too.

07:01:31 - Mom picks up old bird prey of yesterday.
1st feeding. 07:02:04 - First bite.
07:07:44 - Last bite Approx. 5 minutes.

07:09:53 - Lucina broods.







08:22:14 - Lucina leaves towards the bottom left corner in silence.
08:24:21 - She returns from left, behind lens. 2 minutes away.

08:26:10 - Lucina is busy pulling at the nest this morning.

08:28:39 - Again leaves towards the bottom left corner in silence.
08:30:47 - Returns from left corner. 2 minutes away.

08:37:37 - Trying to brood an uncooperative eaglet.
08:39:45 - One of a few allopreening sessions. Eaglet seems to be enjoying it this morning.
Note the brooding sessions, and shorter absences. Lucina is keen to the weather. Stelian notes that it is lightly raining.









09:20:26 - A tree is felled.
09:25:49 - A song thrush (Turdus philomelos) seems to be mimicking the tsyuk calls of the local golden eagles! Pretty funny, if this is indeed the case.
09:32:41 - Lucina has her eye on something. Long neck asway.

Thanks for the information Raven. Yes I know this rattle chirp has been described as "alarm" calling. I heard the little one "chirp" when mum accidentally stood on it.....it was a very distinct high pitched scream.... very different from the "rattle". I totally understand that everyone is still learning and understanding.... myself being a complete beginner in watching goldens (despite watching and loving them most of my life...... I've even held one! Can't get much closer than that lol). But, to me, that "rattle chirp", sounded soft, not alarming. But we will all learn together

Tigress, yes, always ever learning. The rattle-chirp can be uttered in urgent alarm, but also during mild protestations. This changes the intensity of the vocalization. There are good calmer examples in the following training video, when golden eaglet "Sako" is in his nestling stage. My feelings on the unnecessary captivity of wildlife aside. His trainer goes about in a professional calm manner, necessary for developing a well-rounded, confident bird. He is able to keep Sako's anxiety levels from escalating too high in novel situations. The first such situation to be shown is feeding Sako in a newly built enclosure at Week 6. Then again at Week 8 when he is being introduced to anklets, and his gravel floor is cleaned with a pressure washer. And at Week 10 when the jesses are introduced. After this, the rattle-chirping examples fade away. The trainer can tug on the jesses, hood, and glove, or what not without eliciting rattle-chirps.

Thanks for sharing that training video Raven. Very interesting, but I do wonder what the point of holding such a beautiful bird in captivity is? The Golden Eagle that I was lucky enough to hold, had been rescued, as were the other birds of prey. Because of injuries etc, they could not be released back into the wild. Such a shame.... but at least they are alive and well looked after at the sanctuary!

2023-05-18 - Day 11; Week 1 - Continued

10:03:04 - A smashing sound. Lucina is surprised. She raises, and tilts her head, suddenly.

10:22:04 - Arises.
10:22:59 - Lucina leaves towards the right.
10:54:44 - She returns via the drop down from the far canopy with a large conifer spray in her beak. Eaglet is inadvertently hidden when Mom steps on the trailing end, and it breaks in two in front of the nest bowl. The other end is placed on the opposite side.





10:57:11 - Leaves towards the right corner.
10:59:24 - A coal tit (Periparus ater) has returned to the eyrie to collect more nesting material.
11:09:04-11:16:04 - Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) calling.
11:38:26 - Eaglet casts a pellet.
12:00:55 - Lucina calls 6 times.

12:41:13 - From the far slope, seen left of trunk, Mom returns with a conifer spray in beak. Windy. She alights on the branch behind the trunk. 41 minutes away.
12:41:19 - Hops to nest.
12:41:28 - She places the spray over the nest bowl, and her eaglet. Gets a long neck, peering towards the region behind the lens. Same area of activity that has been holding her attention off, and on during morning brooding.

12:42:14 - Lucina leaves down towards the bottom right corner. Eaglet chirping.
Returns from the right with another large conifer spray in her talons. 1 hour, 32 minutes away. Arranges vegetation around the nest bowl.



14:16:05 - Mom moves the conifer spray that was blocking our view.
14:17:47 - Leaves  towards the bottom left corner.
14:48:20 - Returns from the far slope, alighting from the right with a hardwood spray in her beak. 31 minutes away.

Leaves towards the bottom left corner. Eaglet loudly chirping.



15:27:21 - Returns, scaling up the right edge of nest. Wind uplift may have been unfavorable. 36 minutes away.



15:28:30 - Mom tries to move the conifer spray that is covering eaglet, but it doesn't budge. Eaglet doesn't like her fussing. Bites at her.

Lucina moves the hardwood spray. Is this close enough for you to identify, Stelian?



15:29:38 - Lucina finds eaglet's pellet cast earlier in the day. She eats it. Eaglet is chirping loudly. Yes, let's eat!
15:40:06 - Chirps become rattle-chirps. Then drop the rattle. Piercing. Food! Food!
15:41:32 - Mom leaves towards the bottom left corner. In silence. Pretty quiet today, in great contrast to yesterday. An exciting day with its record 6 prey deliveries.

16:44:29 - Lucina calling.
16:44:31 - Flies from top right window of sky, to left, disappearing from view somewhere behind, and well beyond the eyrie trunk. Eaglet yells back to her.
16:44:36 - Really difficult to hear over the eaglet's yelling, and wind, but it sounds like a very brief copulatory vocalization.
16:45:00 - Lucina calling.
16:45:24 - Caliman flies by, lower right. He arcs around from behind the eyrie to the front, passing out of view. We can just make out the more extensive pale covert feathers of his wings.

17:45:09 - Lucina alights on the branch behind the trunk, from the left side of slope. 2 hours, 4 minutes away.
17:45:25 - Hops to nest.
17:45:33 - Peeks in on eaglet.
17:47:04 - Leaves towards the bottom left corner in silence. Eaglet chirping, of course.

18:14:47 - Eaglet wing exercises.
18:45:31 - Lucina returns from the left with another large conifer spray held in feet. 58 minutes away.
18:45:51 - Caliman calls?
18:48:07 - Lucina leaves towards the bottom left corner. Silent. Eaglet yelling.
18:48:56 - Eurasian jay screeching (Garrulus glandarius).
18:51:31 - Eaglet poop shoot.
19:13:30 - Jay is still scolding. Lucina is likely resting nearby.
19:37:11 - She returns from the right, from far slope. Another large conifer spray in her talons. 49 minutes away.

19:39:39 - Lucina leaves down towards the right corner. Eaglet yelling.
20:02:52 - Returns right, from far slope; smaller conifer spray in beak.
20:08:04 - Hovering over eaglet. Arranges vegetation. A little allopreening.
20:27:37 - Broods.
20:47:53 - Two calls, looking right.

A change in the weather today. Cooler, but rain very light. One feeding. Zero deliveries.

Let's review.

March 22: 1 delivery. 1 frog.
March 26: 1 delivery. 1 lizard.
March 28: 1 delivery. 1 unk. prey (off-cam, nest edge)
April 14: 1 delivery. 1 northern raven leg.
April 15: 1 delivery. 1 Live frog.
April 19: 1 delivery. 1 featherless nestling.
April 20: 1 delivery. 1 featherless nestling.
April 23: 1 delivery. 1 eastern slowworm.
May 3: 2 deliveries. 1 red squirrel, 1unk. bird.
May 4, #1 Hatch Night. N/A
May 5: 6 feedings. 1 delivery. Pigeon? Blue leg band bird.
May 6: 5 feedings. 0 deliveries. N/A
May 7, #2 Hatch Day: 6 feedings. 0 deliveries. N/A
May 8: 3 feedings. 0 deliveries. Rain, fog, and snow. N/A
May 9: 7 feedings. 0 deliveries. N/A
May 10: 7 feedings. 1 delivery. Adder.
May 11: 6 feedings. 4 deliveries. 3 adders, 1 rodent.
May 12: 6 feedings. 3 deliveries. 1 adder, 1 rodent, 1 red fox pup.
May 13: 6 feedings. 0 deliveries. N/A
May 14: 6 feedings. 2 deliveries. 1 snake, 1 unk. small prey in grass.
May 15: 5 feedings.  2 deliveries. 2 red squirrels.
May 16: 4 feedings. 2 deliveries. 1 passerine, 1 red fox pup.
May 17: 6 feedings. 6 deliveries. 3 nestling passerines, 2 snakes, 1 unk. bird w/ poss. reduced hallux.
May 18: 1 feeding. 0 deliveries. N/A

Tigress, the point seems to be one of purely human desire.

There is a wildlife hospital near me that also houses non-releasables. The first, and one of the largest rehabilitation centers in the United States, in fact. The golden eagle in their care is named "Topaz". She is gorgeous, of course. It is unfortunate she couldn't know freedom again, but she too has been well cared for since 2005.

You and I see eye to eye on this matter.

2023-05-19 - Day 12; Week 1

05:52:23 - Lucina stretches out her neck for a better view, looking right. Then towards the right bottom corner.
06:01:49 - Gets up with eyes locked on said corner.



06:01:58 - Triangulates farther right, then back to corner, then back to right.
06:02:14 - Eaglet starts chirping.
06:02:26 - Lucina leaves towards the right in silence. Eaglet turns around, and lies down.

08:17:32 - The human activity on a nearby private animal farm (as elucidated, by Stelian) is loud during the morning hours.

08:40:15 - Mom returns with a bare branch in her beak. In from the far slope, alighting on the hidden trunk branch. 2 hours, 38 minutes away.
08:40:21 - Hops into the nest.



08:41:03 - Eaglet pellet casting motions. Not sure if anything was expelled.
08:41:13 - Lucina calls, looking towards the right corner.



08:42:02 - She leaves towards the right.

08:43:11 - Eaglet tracks a flier up above, excitedly chirping. Their eyesight at this age must already be pretty amazing.



08:45:00 - Eaglet two-wing-up stretch.
08:45:46 - Eaglet rousing.
08:51:20 - Spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) alarming. We hear this sprinkled throughout the next two hours. Human racket ongoing too.
09:36:54 - Staccato raven (Corvus corax) calls.
09:41:08 - An unknown species cries out. Impression was avian. It sounded more like distress than simple alarm.
10:00:00 - More staccato raven calls.
10:03:16 - A large shadow passes over the eyrie. Across the nest, right to left.
10:03:30 - Another. Top right, across the slope, right to left.
10:06 - More spotted nutcracker calls. More present than the ravens have been. It would be a long list to note.
10:09:50 - More staccato raven calls.

10:55:15 - Lucina returns from the left, but alights on nest from behind the trunk, bypassing the usual branch stop. She has a large conifer spray in her feet. 2 hours, 13 minutes away.
10:55:22 - She checks on her chick.
10:55:31 - Peers towards the area of human activity.
10:55:45 - Leaves to the right in silence. She accidentally hooks another large spray with her talons, and it is swept to the far right of the nest's edge.
12:24 - The noisy work at the farm seems to subside around this timestamp.

13:51:35 - Lucina arrives in silence from the right with a red fox pup (Vulpes vulpes) in her talons. A promising sign for the future. The human activity has not dissuaded hunting. 2 hours, 56 minutes away.

Here we get a good look at the long, white-tipped tail. Mother Fox must be running low on pups. I wonder if she ever attempted to move them after the first or second loss. This is a week from the first pup delivery on the 12th. A smidge larger now, probably the same litter.



13:52:46 - Lucina starts plucking the fox from behind the nest bowl.
1st feeding. 13:55:40 - First bite of red fox pup.



13:57:00 - Triangular ear of the red fox.



Size comparison. Mom holds up the fox pup where its head used to be. The fore paws with their dark socks, dangle by eaglet's shoulder. This one's ruddy coast was beginning to grow in.



14:10:28 - Last bite. Fullness. Approx. 15 minutes.

14:12:20 - Mom moves the bare branch she brought in this morning, to the front edge of the nest.
14:20:10 - Broods.

Cast your eyes to the top right corner of sky. Caliman is approaching with another red fox pup (Vulpes vulpes), and he has taken a fairly high flight path.



This flight path was aided by the far slope, which he dips down from. The fox family is definitely not by the noisy farm.



14:30:57 - Lucina catches sight of her mate. She calls to him with great excitement.

When he alights from the left, we get a glimpse of another long, white-tipped tail.



14:31:14 - Caliman barks softly to his mate who continues to utter shrill cries.



He hops to the left corner branch, and barks softly again.



14:32:04 - Leaves left.
14:32:22 - Lucina stops calling.
14:37:18 - She stretches her neck to the right, looking up towards the far slope. She is tracking a circling flier.
14:43:31 - Calls towards the sky, up-right.
14:54:25 - Still tracking flier, if silently now.
14:55:20 - She gets up.
14:55:22 - Leaves towards the bottom right corner, quietly. Eaglet chirps softly. Sleepy.

15:18:16 - Lucina utters excited calls on approach.
15:18:24 - Alights from the left. 23 minutes away.

15:24:48 - She picks up the first fox pup, and moves it to the front of the trunk.
2nd feeding. 15:25:38 - First bite of fox pup. We can only see the motion, and hear the pause in eaglet's chirping. Lucina's back is to the camera.
15:34:32 - Last bite is visible. Approx. 9 minutes of feeding.
15:37:55 - Lucina broods her eaglet.

16:21:45 - Gets up. Stands by eaglet, at the front of the nest bowl. Windy.
17:22:39 - Right wing-leg-tail stretch.
17:26:13 - Lucina carries the first fox pup back behind the nest bowl.
17:28:36 - Picks at fox.
3rd feeding. 17:29:36 - First bite of fox.



17:32:10



17:37:19 - Last bite. Fullness. Approx. 8 minutes.

Crop check on Isle 9. Yep, poppable.



17:43:49 - Hover-broods.

19:06:49 - Lucina gets up.
19:06:54 - Left wing-leg-tail stretch.
19:07:08 - She leaves silently towards the right. Eaglet quiet.
19:24:33 - Returns from the bottom left corner. Quiet. 17 minutes away.

19:26:22 - Picks up the second fox. Caliman's delivery.
19:26:55 - Eaglet poop shoot.
4th feeding. 19:27:23 - First bite of fox pup. Mom eats a fair amount herself. She is hungry, and eaglet less so.
19:36:43 - Last bite. Approx. 9 minutes.

19:38:52 - Mom broods.
20:18:37 - She sends several calls out to the right.
20:44:32- Gets up.



Simply regarding her eaglet. Eaglet, simply regarding Mom.



20:53:15 - Returns to brooding.
21:30:18 - Night has fallen. A roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) barks about 9 times at somewhat even intervals, and then many in quick succession, growing distant. Lucina listens.

Raven, I forgot to say how cute that video you posted, the other day, of the chick picking at it's toes while waiting to be fed was.... and the one of the chick playing with the feather, then arranging it, and putting it's head down on it, comfy for sleeping lol. Thanks for catching those moments and sharing them with us.....I certainly missed seeing both live! So many thanks for that

My pleasure, Tigress. It brings me joy to share such moments with others who adore them as much as I. Thank you.

2023-05-20 - Day 13; Week 1

05:12:23 - Mom gets up early.
05:12:23 - Left wing-leg-tail stretch.



05:12:46 - She leaves in silence, towards the right. Eaglet chirping.
05:57:11 - Returns from the right in silence. 45 minutes away.
05:58:02 - Eaglet performs 2 two-wing-up stretches in a row. Brief pause. A third.
05:58:39 - Eaglet poop shoot.

05:59:42 - Lucina picks up Caliman's red fox pup delivery from yesterday.
1st feeding. 06:00:29 - First successful bite of old red fox pup.



06:13:27 - Last bite. Approx. 13 minutes.

06:16:07 - Mom broods her eaglet.
07:10:14 - In situ nestkeeping. She breaks a conifer spray, arranging it on the left side of nest bowl.
07:10:38 - Eaglet poop shoot.
07:28:47 - Lucina calls sharply towards the upper right corner.
07:34:41 -Sharp calls again, tracking from right, to bottom right corner.
07:35:29 - Silent now. One triangulation movement.
07:36:25 - She starts up again, directing calls down to the right.
07:54:57 - Softer calls this time, towards the bottom right corner, then right.

08:08:23 - Lucina gets up.
08:10:46 - She leaves in silence.
08:21:57 - The coal tit (Periparus ater) returns to gather yet more nesting material. In the form of fox fur this time. S/he adjusts the bundle in beak. This will work perfectly!



08:47:00 - Lucina returns from the right with a lichen covered branch in beak. 37 minutes away.

08:54:41 - Eaglet poop shoot.
09:02:57 - Lucina calls up at the far slope, then towards the upper right corner, and up overhead.
09:03:45 - A shadow passes over the eyrie from the bottom left corner to the top right.
09:34:33 - Eaglet pecks at the closest fox.

09:40:22 - Mom picks it up (Caliman's last delivery), moves it away, and back. And. . .



2nd feeding. 09:42:05 - First bite of old red fox pup. Mom eats a fair amount too.
09:48:44 - Including the tail.



09:55:09 - Last bite. Approx. 13 minutes.

09:58:56 - Lucina leaves towards the right in silence.

To be continued. . .

I love the little coal tit collecting the fur.....sooo cute!! I'm loving the close ups Raven, thank you, I otherwise wouldn't see the detail due to the small screen of my phone! Same with our beautiful eaglet. Yesterday I was convinced that h/she was preening a couple of times, but can't be 100%. And I love how h/she stretches out a leg and then leaves it there! Just adorable 🥰

You're welcome, Tigress. Glad to be of service. :> Eaglet has definitely been preening! I'm sure that must be what you observed. An early behavior said to begin a couple days after hatching. I didn't think to make note of first preening, even in personal record-keeping, unfortunately.

2023-05-20 - Day 13; Week 1 - Continued

11:18:09 - Unknown vocalization. Edit: Stelian informed me that this is a female common cuckoo's (Cuculus canorus) call. Neat!

11:28:01 - Arcing slightly left from well above the far right canopy comes Lucina with a European pine marten (Martes martes) clutched firmly in talons. 1 hour, 28 minutes away.



The marten's buff colored underbelly is instantly recognizable.



Lucina is panting from the exertion.



11:30:39 - She plucks the marten's tail several times.
11:44:44 - Finally steps off of her prey.
12:01:28 - Leaves silently down towards the right.

12:01:42 - Eaglet poop shoot. Chirps.
12:33:05 - The coal tit (Periparus ater) is back, but does not enter the nest. Eaglet is too intimidating this time.

12:49:24 - Eaglet pulls at the marten's tail too.



12:50:03 - A Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) is calling.
12:55:12 - Mom returns silently from the left.  54 minutes away.
12:58:25 - Eaglet two-wing-up stretches. Twice.
12:59:45 - Eaglet poop shoot. Jay still calling.
12:59:57 - Allopreening with mild, biting protestations.
13:04:43 - Rattle-chirping eaglet.
13:04:51 - Rattle-chirping gets louder, quicker, then turns into chirping, and back. Suddenly stops. Mom is blocking our view.
13:05:37 - She turns around facing the bottom left corner. Brief rattle-chirping commences.

13:06:08 - Lucina leaves towards the bottom right corner, silently. Eaglet chirping. Quiets.
13:16:12 - Mom returns from the right in silence. Eurasian jay screeching. 10 minutes away.
13:16:37 - She looks skyward, and calls sharply, beak pointing towards the top left corner.
13:17:51 - Rouses.

13:47:20 - Rain begins to fall, or picks up enough to be visible.
13:56:09 - Eaglet toddles under his/her hovering Mom.
13:56:40 - Mom adjusts lower onto her heels.
14:10:21 - Allopreening.
14:27:35 - More.



15:02:13 - Another allopreening session.

15:10:07 - Lucina gets up.
15:10:28 - Left wing-leg-tail stretch.
15:10:35 - Leaves silently to the right. Eaglet chirps.
15:20:19 - Returns from far right canopy, alighting from the right. Eaglet chirping.

15:36:39 - Mom picks up the remains from an old red fox pup (Vulpes vulpes).
3rd feeding. 15:38:08 - First bite of old fox.
15:48:25 - Last bite. Mom continues eating. Approx. 10 minutes of feeding.

15:52:23 - Lucina leaves silently towards the right.
16;05:41 - She vocalizes in the distance.
16:06:15 - She sounds excited, in the way she does when Caliman is near.
16:39:48 - Mom returns from the right in silence. Eaglet softly chirps. 47 minutes away.

16:45:21 - Lucina Picks up the pine marten (Martes martes), and moves it to the front of the nest.
16:45:41 - Mom eats.
16:51:04 - Offers piece to eaglet who has begun chirping with more interest.
4th feeding. 16:51:15 - First bite.
16:54:42 - Lucina begins to move the pine marten behind the nest bowl

It dwarfs the red squirrels of previous deliveries.



16:56:06 - Feeding resumes.
17:01:34 - Mom swallows a paw whole. It looks to be one of the old fox's.
17:02:28 - Last bite. Approx. 11 minute feeding.

17:02:57 - Eaglet poop shoot.

17:04:30 - Lucina leaves silently towards the bottom right corner. Eaglet silent.
17:30:24 - Upon her return, she parachutes down in the windy conditions to alight upon the right corner branch. 26 minutes away.
17:30:52 - Hops sideways into the nest. A single call uttered.
17:32:38 - Eaglet rattle-chirps.
17:33:48 - Mom hovers down on her heels over her eaglet.
17:48:55 - Vocalizes facing right, then right behind lens.
17:50:12 - Covers her eaglet best she can. The rain is falling again, heavier than before.

Over an hour later, and eaglet is ready for a breather.



19:14:55 - Mom rouses off the rain.
19:14:58 - She stands up.
19:16:36 - Leaves silently to the right. Eaglet chirping softly.
19:35:26 - She returns from the right, alighting slightly below the nest.
19:35:36 - Hops up into the nest. Eaglet softly chirps at her.



Fine light for screenshots.





19:58:10 - Lucina lowers to her heels.
20:00:01 - Broods into the night.

2023-05-21 - Day 14; Week 2

05:08:06 - Lucina gets up with a two-wing-up stretch.
05:08:27 - She leaves to the right in silence.
06:05:28 - Returns from the right in silence. 57 minutes away.

06:06:00 - Mom pecks at the remains of the old pine marten (Martes martes), and eaglet pecks at Mom. My, someone is getting tall.



06:06:33 - Mom grabs the marten.
1st feeding. 06:06:51 - First bite of old marten.
06:08:39 - Nice steps there, Edgewalker. Eep. ;>



Lucina moves the marten to the other side of the nest bowl, and resumes feeding.



06:21:35 - Oh dear. Lucina moves the marten again, and accidentally drapes it over her eaglet. Eaglet can't lift head out from under the heavy carcass, and so rattle-chirps frantically.



06:21:52 - Mom picks the marten back up, and eaglet is freed. Eaglet gapes, rattle-chirping, upset! But no worse for wear.



06:21:58 - Bites at Mom, continuing to rattle-chirp.
06:22:32 - Feeding resumes again. There, there, eaglet. Life goes on.
06:29:47 - Not possible to see the last bite for this feeding. Sometime around this point. Approx. 23 minute feeding. Given the interruptions.

06:30:41 - Beep, beep, backing up! Eaglet poop shoot.
06:33:34 - Eaglet inches under a hovering Mom.
06:34:03 - Lucina broods her eaglet.

07:00:40 - She spies some activity behind the camera lens. Starts tracking it. Looks like she may have watched multiple fliers pass by.
07:00:54 - Mom gets up.
07:00:59 - She leaves towards the bottom left corner. Silent. Eaglet is silent too.
07:02:11 - Eaglet poop shoot.
07:05:00 - Eaglet performs bookend two-wing-up stretches, with a rouse in between.
07:44:13 - Lucina returns with a conifer spray in her left foot, and a stick in her beak. Alights from the right in silence. 44 minutes away.

07:48:18 - Lucina picks up bones. She tries to disarticulate them.
07:49:49 - Is successful.
07:49:56 - Swallows one.

07:50:35 - Lucina leaves towards the bottom right corner in silence. Eaglet chirps softly.
08:06:44 - She returns from the bottom left corner with a conifer spray in beak. Both Mom, and eaglet are quiet. 16 minutes away.



08:12:38 - Mom allopreens her eaglet from a standing position, leaning forward.

08:18:01 - Picks up the old pine marten.
08:18:22 - Lucina begins to eat.
08:18:34 - Eaglet notices, and chirps excitedly.
2nd feeding. 08:18:53 - First bite of old pine marten.
08:26:18 - Eaglet poop shoot.
08:26:54 - Eaglet is getting distracted because Mom is taking too long fussing with the marten's hide. S/he bites at the nest, almost appearing to mimic Mom.





08:33:02 - Outright tugs at the nest!



08:33:19 - Wingersize!





08:57:50 - Last bite. Approx 39 minute feeding! On account of Mom having trouble with tough marten hide, and spine. She also ate a fair amount herself. Must keep fit for hunting, and defending territory. How great is the female's role in territorial defense, and agonistic encounters? The following data was extracted from Norway, but it may be more broadly applicable.

"In western Norway, females tend to be more involved in aggressive territorial encounters than are males." -Bergo, G. (1987). Territorial behaviour of Golden Eagles in western Norway.

"At carcasses in Norway, females won 5 of 7 aggressive interactions and a younger eagle dominated an older conspecific in 15 of 21 conflicts." -Halley, D. J., and J. O. Gjershaug (1998). Inter- and intra-specific dominance relationships and feeding behaviour of Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos and sea eagles Haliaeetus albicilla at carcasses

09:00:38 - Mom leaves in silence towards the right. Eaglet is quiet too.
09:12:08 - Lucina vocalizes in the distance. Eaglet calls back to her.
09:29:31 - A Eurasian jay begins to screech.
09:42:47 - Stelian informs me that the mystery vocalization from yesterday is a female common cuckoo's (Cuculus canorus) call. And here it is again! Thanks, Stelian.

Lucina returns from the bottom right corner with a conifer spray in her beak. 44 minutes away.

Thank you again Raven for the detailed accounts of the day in the life of our precious family! Our little eaglet is growing quite a personality and how fiesty!! Lucina's got her talons full with this little one! Lol. And yes I also have noticed how quickly the eaglet is growing! Can see quite a difference now...of course that's what a good varied diet does.... well done Caliman and Lucina

Hello Raven,  Your posting here in the forum from 5/19 after 13:52 Has disappeared with me. Sometimes it was inside, then it just disappeared completely. Those were those pictures and texts from when Caliman came in with the fox pup. The next post with me continues on 5/20 in the morning. I don't know the reason for this. Have tried most things.

You're welcome, Tigress. <3

Hi, Johan. That's strange. It is still visible for me, and I can't determine why it would be invisible for others. Any one else having this issue? It is not ideal, but if you would like that information, and your e-mail address has not changed since July 2022, I am more than willing to send it to you. Let me know.

I don't have a lot of time today. Here goes...

2023-05-21 - Day 14; Week 2 - Continued

09:58:11 - Lucina leaves down towards the right. Silent.
10:42:55 - A shadow passes over the eyrie, left to right, then over, and up the far right slope.
10:43:02 - Lucina calling, eaglet responds.
10:44:06 - She alights from the left with a conifer spray in her beak. 46 minutes away.
10:44:06 - Calls at the sky, towards the upper right corner.
10:49:05 - Lucina stretches out her neck for a better view of unknown activity to the right.



10:49:34 - She leaves silently to the right. Eaglet softly chirping.
11:08:49 - Mom returns silently from the left. Windy. 19 minutes away.
11:13:49 - She hovers over her chick, aerating the nest until she's snug on her heels.
11:19:54 - Stands up. Wind buffets the microphone. . .
11:20:47 - She soon returns to hovering, down to her heels again as if changing her mind about something.
11:22:13 - Covers eaglet the best she can.
12:37:01 - A black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) calls several times with about 5-7 seconds of pause in between.

12:37:24 - Lucina spies something in the distance, and gets up, calling. Sound is out of sync.
12:37:39 - She lowers her head whilst vocalizing, facing the bottom right corner.
12:37:46 - She stops calling.
12:38:10 - Starts up again, lowers head.
12:38:43 - Stops.
12:41:07 - Leaves to the right in silence.
12:54:34 - Lucina returns from the right with long conifer spray in her beak. She drapes it over her eaglet.

13:02:45 - Long neck. Facing left. Lucina looks behind the lens too.
13:04:47 - Silently leaves towards the bottom right corner.

13:52:19 - Returns from the right. A low dip in her flight path. 48 minutes away.



She has a full crop.



13:55:44 - Lucina silently leaves towards the bottom right corner. Eaglet chirps.
13:57:53 - Eaglet two-wing-up stretch, followed by flapping.
13:58:54 - And a poop shoot.
14:05:42 - Lucina returns from the left, calling. 10 minutes away.

14:36:18 - A Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) flies into the eyrie tree. Can hear Caliman calling, but keep in mind that the sound is out of sync. Lucina is tracking the jay, staring up.

(Check right of text, in upper left corner of image, for jay)



14:37:03 - The jay screeches, and Lucina barks, skawks twice. Eaglet joins in, chirp, chirp, chirp!

14:44:29 - Mom grabs an old red fox pup from the pantry. Caries it to the front of the nest bowl, eaglet chirping away.
14:44:46 - When she puts it down, something catches her eye. Her neck stretches long, and she whips her head around, tracking swift action. She goes to the right side of the nest. Long neck, standing tall. Downward gaze. Feeding time will have to wait.

15:06:12 - After resting, and watching the world beyond the nest. Lucina leaves towards the bottom right corner in silence. Eaglet chirping in gentle drawn whistles.
15:10:23 - Hooded crow (Corvus cornix) vocalizations in the distance. They grow closer, and we can hear a golden eagle calling in the mix. Sounds like mobbing.
15:12:36 - The conflict fades into the background.
15:13:20 - Lucina calling sharply, closer.
15:17:31 - Excited vocalizations.
15:20:03 - More calls.
15:20:26 - More.
15:29:02 - A parent can be seen flying by the eyrie. From the far slope to the right.
15:29:16 - Lucina alights form the right with a large conifer spray in her feet. 23 minutes away.

16:12:00 - She tugs more old red fox pup remains out from the back of the nest, and brings them to the front. Places these on top of the other old fox remains.
3rd feeding. 16:14:08 - First bite of old red fox pup.
16:31:12 - Last bite. Approx. 17 minute feeding.

16:33:25 - Lucina silently leaves towards the bottom right corner.
17:04:49 - She returns from the far slope, alighting sideways from the right, on account of the wind. 31 minutes away.

17:13:07 - Leaves silently towards the bottom right corner.
17:49:41 - Returns from the right. 36 minutes away.

18:29:05 - Leaves silently to the right.
18:32:31 - Lucina calling in the distance.
18:43:42 - Returns silently from the left, with a lichen covered bare branch. 14 minutes away.

19:00:58 - Picks up old red fox pup remains. Eaglet chirping. Carries them behind the nest bowl.
4th feeding. 19:01:50 - First bite of old red fox pup.
19:14:14 - Last bite. Turns away, stuffed.
19:14:54 - Eaglet poop shoot.

19:18:49 - Lucina broods her eaglet.
19:21:09 - She scooches over her rattle-chirping eaglet best she can.

19:38:52 - Lucina gets up after glancing over her right shoulder.
19:38:54 - She leaves in a hurry, to bottom right corner. Silent.
19:56:54 - Jay (Garrulus glandarius) calling.
19:57:10 - Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) barking.
19:57:26 - Returning for the night. She drops down from the far canopy, alighting from the right  with a conifer spray in her right foot. 19 minutes away.



20:09:50 - Hover-broods.
21:01:18 - Gets up to rest nearby, preens.
21:15:18 - Right wing-leg-tail stretch.



21:16:37 - Lucina settles in for the night, brooding her swiftly growing chick.

Hello Raven and everybody!
21.05.2023 Some photo captures from my and my son's visit to the eagle nesting area.


Caliman patrolling the nest area












Lucina and Caliman